10.5 Covariation

• covariation: tendency of values of different variables to vary together in a related way.
• Visualizing covariance depends on types of variables in the pair:

10.5.1 categorical + continuous

• x = categorical
• y = continuous.
• geom_boxplot
• Lots of options exist to do this better. See Cedric Scherer’s tutorial!

10.5.2 categorical + categorical

• geom_count
• dplyr::count then geom_tile

10.5.3 continuous + continuous

• geom_point
• geom_bin2d
• geom_hex