2.1 Set Theory

  • A set is a collection of elements (\(\{\xi_1, \xi_2, ..., \xi_n\}\))

  • Elements can be anything… apples, real numbers, functions, sets!

  • B is a subset of A, denoted \(B \subseteq A\) if every member of B is also a member of A.

A <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6)
B <- c(2,4,6)
all(B %in% A)
## [1] TRUE
all(A %in% B)
## [1] FALSE