Linear Algebra

Inner Product

• \(x^Ty\)
• t(x) %*% y

Norm

• \(||x||\)
• norm(x, type = "2")
  • See help for other types

Cosine Angle

• \(\cos{\theta}=\frac{x^Ty}{||x||_2||y||_2}\)
• (t(x) %*% y)/(norm(x, "2")*norm(y, "2"))