Linear Algebra

Inner Product

• $x^Ty$
• t(x) %*% y

Norm

• $||x||$
• norm(x, type = "2")
  • See help for other types

Cosine Angle

• $\cos{\theta}=\frac{x^Ty}{||x||_2||y||_2}$
• (t(x) %*% y)/(norm(x, "2")*norm(y, "2"))