Chapter 8 Causal Paths and Closing Back Doors
Learning objectives:
- Identify paths in DAGs
- Classify paths in DAGs
- Start to close paths
- Explore colliders
- Motivate placebo tests
Session Info
## R version 4.6.1 (2026-06-24)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
## Running under: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
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## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libblas.so.3
## LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libopenblasp-r0.3.26.so; LAPACK version 3.12.0
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## time zone: UTC
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## attached base packages:
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## [6] gt_1.3.0 ggplot2_4.0.3 dplyr_1.2.1
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## [45] rstudioapi_0.19.0 knitr_1.51 farver_2.1.2 htmltools_0.5.9
## [49] rmarkdown_2.31 labeling_0.4.3 compiler_4.6.1 S7_0.2.2