22.2 Incomplete data

Imputing missing data was covered in Chapter 17, but there are other types of incomplete data, for example:

• Survival analysis / Censoring - See for example Introduction to Statistical Learning for more on this.
• Measurement error:
  • Errors in $y$ can be folded into the error term
  • Errors in $x$ are more challenging, mathematics similar to instrumental variables of chapter 21. Book has references for more.