11.1 What is Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to determine if there’s enough evidence in a sample of data to draw conclusions about a population.

It helps you make informed decisions about whether a specific assumption or claim about a population is likely to be true or not.

In simple terms, it involves setting up two competing statements, the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (Ha), and then collecting and analyzing data to see which statement is more likely to be supported by the evidence.