11.2 How to set the hypotheses

  • Null Hypothesis (H0): This is the default assumption or statement that there is no effect or no difference. It represents the status quo.
  • Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): This is the statement you want to test, suggesting that there is an effect or a difference.

{H0Null HypothesisHaAlternative Hypothesis

Setting a threshold:

  • One side {H0α0.05Haα>0.5
  • Two sides {H0α=0.05Haα0.05